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Package dyed:
See "Dye methods."
Pad dyed:
See "Dye methods."
Patterned loop:
A woven or tufted carpet style having all tufts in a loop form (either
level, textured, or multilevel) in either a defined or random pattern
and design.
Pattern match:
Lining up patterned carpet in such a way that the design element is continued
across seams, making the finished installation appear cohesive. Patterns
must be matched in the same way as they appear on the carpet itself, either
in a set match or drop match. See "Set match" and "Drop
match."
Pattern streaks:
Visually apparent streaking in patterned carpet resulting from linear
juxtaposition of pattern elements in one direction. It is usually most
visible in the length direction. It is not a carpet defect, but is inherent
in certain designs. Contract specifiers should view rolls of carpet laid
out on a floor to evaluate geometric or other busy patterns for this characteristic
which may be objectionable in long corridors and other large areas, but
not visible in small rooms.
Picks per inch:
In woven carpet and fabric, the number of fill yarns per inch of length.
Comparable to stitches per inch in tufting.
Piece dyed:
A method in which tufted carpet is dyed, as opposed to yarn dye methods
in which colour is added to yarn before tufting. See "Dye methods."
Pigment:
Highly colored, insoluble substance used to impart colour to other materials.
White pigments (e.g., titanium dioxide) are dispersed in fibre polymers
to produce delustered (semi-dull and dull) fibres. Colored pigments are
added to polymer to create producer colored or solution dyed yarns.
Pigmented yarns:
Same as solution dyed yarns.
Pile:
The visible surface of carpet, consisting of yarn tufts in loop and/or
cut configuration. Sometimes called the face or nap.
Pile height:
The length of the tufts measured from the primary backing top surface
to their tips. Pile tufts should be gently extended but not stretched
during accurate measurement. This specification is expressed in fractions
of an inch or decimal fractions of an inch in the U.S.
Pile thickness:
The resulting thickness when the thickness of the backing is subtracted
from the total thickness of the finished carpet.
Pile weight:
The weight in ounces of the fibre in a square yard of carpet.
Pile yarn:
The yarn making up the tufts of the carpet.
Pitch:
See "Gauge/ pitch."
Ply:
A measure of the number of individual yarns twisted together to produce
the finished carpet yarn. For example, a two-ply yarn means that each
tuft consists of two yarns twisted together. For cut-pile carpets plied
yarns must be heatset to prevent untwisting under foot traffic.
Post-dyed:
Carpet that has been dyed in its tufted form. Post-dyed means the carpet,
rather than the yarn, has been dyed.
Pre-dyed:
Carpet that has been constructed with colored yarns either by solution
dyeing or yarn dyeing. Printed carpet: Carpet having printed colored patterns.
Printing methods include flatbed screen printing, rotary screen printing
and modern computer programmed jet injection printing.
Producer-colored pigment:
Colour introduced into nylon fibre at the nylon manufacturing stage. See
"Dye methods - Solution-dyed."
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