Warp
A weaving term for yarns in woven fabrics and carpets
which run in the machine direction (or lengthwise). Warp yarns are
usually delivered to a weaving loom from a beam mounted behind the
loom. Woven carpets usually have three sets of warp yarns, which may
be wound on three loom beams. These include stuffer warp for lengthwise
strength and stiffness, pile warp which forms the carpet surface tufts,
and chain warp which interlaces with fill yarn to lock the structure
together.
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Watermarking
Irregular random shading or pile reversal in cut pile
carpet. Although much research has been done in an effort to determine
the cause for watermarking, there has never been a single or consistent
reason determined.
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Weaving
The original method for manufacturing carpet. In the
weaving process, backing yarns are woven into a durable fabric while
simultaneously face yarns are looped over wires and interlocked in
the woven back. (See "Axminster"
and "Wilton.")
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Weft
Yarns which run widthwise in woven carpet
interlacing with various warp yarns.
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Wilton
A type of woven carpet and the loom used
to manufacture it. Wilton looms have jacquard pattern mechanisms which
use punched cards/computer programs to select yarn colour. The carpets
are often patterned or have multilevel surfaces. (See "Frames.")
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Wires
Parts of carpet weaving looms composed of
thin metal rods or blades on which the pile tufts are formed. Round
wires and cut wires are identical in shape. The cut wire has a small
knife blade at the end and, as it is withdrawn, it cuts the yarn looped
over it to form cut pile.
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Wool
The original carpet fibre. Wool is noted
for its Excellent dyeability, luxurious feel and relatively high cost.
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Woolen spinning
Spinning method which produces bulky, hairy
yarn, usually used for wool yarns. A series of cards, or large cylinders
with comb-like teeth, straighten the fibres into a paralleled fibre
webbing. This webbing is blended with other webbing, then spun into
yarn.
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Worsted spinning
Also known as modified worsted spinning or
parallel spinning. (See "Parallel
spinning.")
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Woven backing
A tufted carpet term for primary or secondary
backing manufactured by the weaving process. Secondary backings are
usually woven jute or woven polypropylene.
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Woven carpet
Carpet produced on a loom. Warp pile yarns
intertwine with wires and backing yarns called warp yarns. These yarns
are locked in with the weft yarns. Warp stuffer yarns are included to
provide extra stability. Weaving is a slower, more expensive, labor-intensive
fabrication method than tufting. Woven carpet is distinguished by intricate
patterns and tailored, controlled textures.
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